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-
- ******************* FILE 1 of 6 FILES **********************
-
- (C) 31 JUL 88
-
- Eric Gustafson, N7CL
- 2018 S. Avenida Planeta
- Tucson, AZ 85710
-
-
-
- DPLL Derived Data Carrier Detect (DCD)
- For Filter Based and Single Chip Modems
-
-
- INTRODUCTION
-
- If you have a TNC which uses either the AMD7910 or the
- TCM3105 single chip modem, or a TNC which uses a modem based
- on audio filters like the PK-232, you can vastly improve the
- DCD performance of your modem for packet radio use.
-
- These single chip modems were originally designed for land
- line use. The designers, who had no idea that the chips
- might one day be applied to a radio system, made some
- assumptions about the incoming signal that simply do not
- apply to the radio environment. The data carrier detect
- function for them was not nearly so critical a function of
- the modem as it is for us on a busy packet radio channel.
- For the intended purpose of these chips, there was expected
- to be only 2 stations involved on any 1 channel at 1 time
- and these stations were connected by a nice quiet twisted
- pair. Under these circumstances, the Carrier Detect (CD)
- function built into these chips is entirely adequate. In
- the packet radio environment, the built in CD function is
- next to useless.
-
- Since I can't make the same defense for the designers of
- filter based modems specifically intended for packet radio
- from the beginning, I won't try to speculate about what
- drove their design decisions.
-
- The circuit presented here will allow your TNC to be used
- with unsquelched audio thus avoiding the unnecessary delay
- of the squelch circuit found in typical VHF FM radios. This
- circuit also provides several other important beneficial
- characteristics for the DCD system.
-
- First, since the assumptions used when the TNC software
- was written depend on DCD representing the presence or
- absence of a data carrier on the channel, it is important
- that the DCD circuit be able to distinguish a data carrier
- from noise or other non packet signals to a reasonable
- degree. The DCD circuits which simply detect the presence
- of ANY type of signal or noise on the channel are simply
- inadequate to this task. Since the DCD circuit presented
- here is based on the update signals in a Digital Phase
- Locked Loop (DPLL) which recovers both baud clock and data
- from an NRZI packet data stream, its output represents true
- detection of the data carrier.
-
- Second, once a data carrier decision has been correctly
- made, it is important that the DCD indication remain valid
- through short fades, collisions, and while a signal too
- marginal to decode is on the channel. This is accomplished
- by providing a DCD "hang time" of approximately 5 to 8
- character periods (this can be optimized) to hold the DCD
- output true through short dropouts from the above causes.
- This prevents a queued up TNC from piling on collisions,
- transmitting over a station which has a marginal signal, and
- beginning to transmit over a station which is still
- transmitting but whose signal received a short multipath hit
- during the packet.
-
- Third, it is important that the DCD system NOT be sensitive
- to audio amplitude variations. It should respond in exactly
- the same way for any signal that the modem is capable of
- decoding regardless of absolute input amplitude. Since this
- DCD circuit operates from the data recovered by the modem,
- all amplitude information is suppressed before the DCD
- circuit even sees the signal.
-
- NOTE!
- If your TNC uses the EXAR 2211 demodulator, this
- new circuit is unnecessary for you. Your existing
- DCD circuit can be more easily modified for correct
- operation without this circuit. The modification
- procedure for the 2211 demodulator is presented
- elsewhere and not repeated here.
-
- (continued in file #2)
-
- EOF